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DNA of Dave ColeClick here to return to Dave's photo page.Test Result Report SummarymtDNA report and haplogroup prediction generation for December 11, 2006.
Test Result Report Detail
A. Predicted Haplogroup
Based on DNA testing of the HVR-1 region of the mtDNA of David L. Cole, David L. Cole's maternal ancestral line is predicted to belong to Haplogroup H. Read summary for Haplogroup H in section D of this report. MtDNA is passed down through the generations along the maternal line and carries ancestral information regarding the origins of the maternal line. Ancestral information is obtained by determining the haplogroup type of the individual tested. The Haplogroup type provides information regarding the deep ancestral origins of the maternal line. The haplogroup can be predicted in most cases by testing a hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA called HVR-1, encompassing nucleotide positions 16001 to 16400. The pattern of mutations or lack thereof can be used to estimate the haplogroup of the maternal line. Haplogroup Prediction for David L. Cole: H
B. Mutations in HVR-1 (in comparison to CRS):
The following mutations were detected in the mtDNA of David L. Cole. The mutation pattern in HVR-1 is used to predict the mtDNA haplogroup.
C. MtDNA Sequence (HVR-1):
The following is the sequence of the HVR-1 region of David L. Cole's mtDNA. The sequence is read from left to right, up to down and are the actual codes for David L. Cole's DNA. David L. Cole's mtDNA sequence is compared to the control sequence called the "Cambridge Reference Sequence" in order to determine differences (mutations) between the two sequences:
D. Summary for Haplogroup H:
Haplogroup H is a dominant European haplogroup. It is also the haplogroup of the Cambridge Reference Sequence published in 1991. Haplogroup H arose from the R branch of the mitochondrial tree. The woman who founded haplogroup H lived approximately 20,000 years ago in the Near East/Caucasus region and is the common ancestor of all people living today who belong to this haplogroup. Descendents of the Haplogroup H line represent one of the earliest migrations out of the Near East, spreading throughout much of Europe after the end of the last ice age approximately 20,000 years ago. The pattern of migration followed included an initial migration out of the Near East to the southwestern part of Europe 20,000 years ago at the peak of the last Ice Age. At the end of the ice age, 12,000 to 14,000 years ago, this line continued spreading northward. Today, descendents of this line can be found throughout Europe. Marie Antoinette as well as Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia belonged to H. Studies reveal that Haplogroup H is a predominant maternal lineage in Europe but descendents of this line can also be detected at low levels outside of Europe.
Ancestral Haplogroups to Haplogroup H:
The woman who founded the Haplogroup H line is the direct female descendent of female ancestors belonging to Haplogroup HV who in turn are descendents of the Haplogroup pre-HV line. Haplogroups pre-HV and HV are Near/Middle Easter and Caucasus in origin.
Haplogroup HV:
The founder of haplogroup HV lived approximately 20,000 years ago and her descendents include haplogroup H, one of the most prominent haplogroups of Western Europe.
Haplogroup pre-HV:
This is an ancient haplogroup is a direct descendent of a woman belonging to haplogroup R. Her descendent includes haplogroup HV, which in turn gave rise to haplogroup H, the most prominent haplogroup found in Europe today. Haplogroup pre-HV arose in the Middle East and today is found in greatest frequency in the Near East and Arabia.
European Ancestry:
Today, the mitochondrial DNA sequences of Europeans fall into one of ten major Haplogroups: H, J, K, N1, T, U4, U5, V, X and W. Each haplogroup is associated with a different ancestral lineage.
Subgroups (clades) of Haplogroup H:
Haplogroup H is a large group with is widely represented within Europe. Recent research (Pereira at al 2005, Loogvali et al 2004) has indicated that this group can be further subdivided into at least 13 subgroups, also known as "sub-clades", each forming a branch of descendents from the original Haplogroup H line. The branches of Haplogroup H are named H1 to H13 and have distinct geographical distributions within Europe. If you belong to Haplogroup H, you may want to consider taking a Haplogroup H Clade test to determine which branch of Haplogroup H you belong to. If you would like more information about the Haplogroup H Clade test, contact the laboratory directly at or email .
Famous members of Haplogroup H:
Marie Antoinette, Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia
E. Migration Map for Haplogroup H:
F. Summary Migration Map for all major mtDNA Haplogroups:
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